— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位有 COPD 病史的病患，哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of COPD. Which interventions are indicated? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain low-flow oxygen therapy✓ 正解維持低流量氧氣治療
- BEncourage fluid intake to thin secretions✓ 正解鼓勵攝取水分以稀釋分泌物
- CTeach pursed-lip breathing✓ 正解教導噘嘴呼吸法
- DAdvise against all physical activity建議避免所有體力活動
- EProvide high-protein diet提供高蛋白飲食
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
COPD 照護目標為改善換氣與分泌物清除。A 使用低流量給氧保護缺氧驅動；B 充足水分能稀釋痰液；C 噘嘴呼吸可增加氣道壓力，防止氣管塌陷。D 選項錯誤，應鼓勵適度運動以增加耐受力；E 選項可依需求補充，但非強制必要項目。
The goals of COPD care are to improve ventilation and clearance of secretions. A. Low-flow oxygen preserves the hypoxic drive; B. Adequate fluid intake thins respiratory secretions; C. Pursed-lip breathing increases airway pressure and prevents airway collapse. Option D is incorrect, because moderate exercise should be encouraged to build tolerance; option E may be provided as needed, but is not strictly required.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對 COPD 的非藥物護理措施一致，皆鼓勵病患訓練肺部運動。