護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，下列哪些措施是必要的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions are necessary? (Select all that apply.)
- ADilute the medication as per facility protocol✓ 正解依機構規定稀釋藥物
- BAdminister via an infusion pump to control rate✓ 正解經輸注幫浦給藥以控制速度
- CCheck for patency of the IV site before infusion✓ 正解給藥前檢查靜脈通路是否暢通
- DAdminister as an IV bolus to correct levels quickly經靜脈推注以快速糾正血鉀
- EMonitor the site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解監測注射部位是否有靜脈炎跡象
鉀離子（Potassium）對血管具有強烈刺激性。靜脈輸注氯化鉀（KCl）必須嚴格遵守給藥原則：必須稀釋，且絕對禁止靜脈推注（IV Push/Bolus），以免導致高血鉀引發心律不整甚至心跳停止。護理師需使用輸注幫浦（Infusion pump）精準控制速度，並密切監測輸注部位是否有靜脈炎或外滲跡象。
Potassium is highly irritating to blood vessels. Intravenous infusion of potassium chloride (KCl) must strictly follow administration principles: it must be diluted, and IV push/bolus is absolutely contraindicated to prevent hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. The nurse must use an infusion pump to precisely control the rate and closely monitor the infusion site for signs of phlebitis or extravasation.
在美國，氯化鉀輸注通常使用預混袋（Premixed bag），護理師需嚴格遵守「鉀離子不可 IV Push」的鐵律。若發生外滲，護理師需依照機構政策進行相應的處理與紀錄。