護理師協助老年病人進行個人衛生清潔。下列哪項護理措施最能促進病人的獨立性？
A nurse is assisting an elderly client with personal hygiene. Which nursing action is most effective in promoting the client's independence?
- AAssign a nursing assistant to provide total care for the client指派護理助理為病人提供全面性照護
- BTell the client that they must bathe independently to be discharged告訴病人他們必須獨立洗澡才能出院
- CEncourage the client to wash their face and arms while the nurse performs the rest✓ 正解鼓勵病人自己洗臉和手臂，由護理師完成其餘部分
- DPerform the entire bath for the client to save time為節省時間而為病人進行全身沐浴
護理照護的核心目標在於協助病人維持最高程度的自主性，這不僅能預防廢用症候群（Disuse Syndrome），如肌肉萎縮與關節僵硬，更能維護病人的尊嚴感與心理健康。選項 C 透過讓病人參與部分自我照護，將護理師的角色定位為「協助者」而非「完全替代者」。這符合護理過程中的「功能性評估」原則，在病人能力許可範圍內鼓勵其執行日常生活活動（Activities of Daily Living, ADL），能有效提升病人的自我效能感。
A core goal of nursing care is to help the client maintain the highest possible level of autonomy. This not only prevents disuse syndrome (such as muscle atrophy and joint stiffness) but also preserves the client's sense of dignity and psychological well-being. Option C positions the nurse as a 'facilitator' rather than a 'total caregiver' by having the client participate in part of self-care. This aligns with the 'functional assessment' principle of the nursing process; encouraging the client to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) within their capabilities effectively enhances self-efficacy.
在美國臨床中，護理師（RN）與護理助理（CNA）的分工明確。雖然 RN 可以委派（Delegate）ADL 給 CNA，但 RN 仍保有評估病人功能進展的責任。台灣臨床常因人力負荷過重，導致護理師較少參與 ADL，但在 NCLEX 考試中，強調的是「護理師必須親自參與並評估病人的復健潛能」。