— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師照護一位第一型糖尿病患，應監測哪些徵象以評估是否有低血糖反應？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for signs of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- BTachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- CPolyuria多尿
- DTremors✓ 正解顫抖
- EConfusion✓ 正解意識混亂
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖（Hypoglycemia）的臨床表現主要源於交感神經被激活以及腦部能量供應不足。交感神經興奮會導致冒冷汗（Diaphoresis）、心跳加速（Tachycardia）與震顫（Tremors）。當血糖持續偏低，腦部功能受損則會出現意識混亂（Confusion）或行為改變。多尿則是高血糖的滲透性利尿表現，非低血糖特徵。
The clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia stem primarily from activation of the sympathetic nervous system and inadequate glucose supply to the brain. Sympathetic activation produces diaphoresis, tachycardia, and tremors. When blood glucose remains low, impaired brain function results in confusion or behavioral changes. Polyuria, in contrast, reflects the osmotic diuresis of hyperglycemia and is not a feature of hypoglycemia.