— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
一位慢性腎臟病患的鉀離子為 6.2 mEq/L。護理師應預期給予哪些藥物？（選所有適合的）
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which medications should the nurse expect to administer? (Select all that apply.)
- ACalcium gluconate✓ 正解葡萄糖酸鈣
- BRegular insulin with dextrose✓ 正解常規胰島素合併葡萄糖
- CSodium polystyrene sulfonate✓ 正解聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉
- DFurosemide✓ 正解呋塞米
- ESpironolactone螺內酯
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀症（鉀離子 > 6.0 mEq/L）具生命危險，容易引發致命性心律不整。緊急處理原則為：保護心肌（Calcium gluconate）、促進鉀離子進入細胞（Insulin + Dextrose）以及排除體內鉀離子（Sodium polystyrene sulfonate、利尿劑）。保鉀利尿劑會導致鉀離子滯留，絕對禁用。
For a client with hyperkalemia, the nurse expects to administer calcium gluconate to stabilize cardiac membranes, regular insulin with dextrose to shift potassium into cells, sodium polystyrene sulfonate to eliminate potassium via the GI tract, and furosemide to promote renal excretion. Spironolactone is contraindicated because it is a potassium-sparing diuretic that would worsen the condition.