護理師照護一位術後留置導尿管的病人。哪項護理行動有助於預防導尿管相關尿路感染（CAUTI）？
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and has a Foley catheter. Which nursing action helps prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)?
- AChange the catheter every 24 hours每 24 小時更換一次導尿管
- BFlush the catheter with sterile water daily每天用無菌水沖洗導尿管
- CClean the urethral meatus using soap and water every 4 hours每 4 小時用肥皂和水清潔尿道口
- DKeep the drainage bag below the level of the bladder✓ 正解保持引流袋低於膀胱水位
維持引流袋低於膀胱水平可利用重力防止尿液回流（backflow），這是預防 CAUTI 的最基本且關鍵步驟。沖洗導管（flush）會增加污染風險，除非有醫囑；更換導管頻率應依指引而非固定時間；會陰部清潔每日即可，不需過度頻繁。
Keeping the drainage bag below the level of the bladder uses gravity to prevent urine reflux (backflow), which is the most basic and critical step in preventing CAUTI. Flushing the catheter increases the risk of contamination unless ordered; the frequency of catheter change should be based on guidelines rather than a fixed schedule; and perineal care once daily is sufficient and need not be performed excessively often.
台美均遵循無菌原則，但在美國對拔除導尿管的時機（Nurse-driven removal protocols）執行非常嚴格。