護理師教導病人使用誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometer）。哪些動作是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client how to use an incentive spirometer. Which actions are correct? (Select all that apply.)
- AExhale normally before beginning✓ 正解開始前正常呼氣
- BInhale slowly and deeply✓ 正解緩慢且深長地吸氣
- CHold the breath for 3-5 seconds✓ 正解憋氣 3-5 秒
- DPerform the exercise 5-10 times per hour✓ 正解每小時執行 5-10 次
- EBlow into the mouthpiece as hard as possible盡可能用力向咬嘴吹氣
誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometer）是預防術後肺部併發症（如肺塌陷、肺炎）的重要工具。其核心在於「深吸氣（Sustained Maximal Inspiration）」，透過緩慢深吸氣來擴張肺泡。正確步驟包含：吸氣前正常吐氣、緩慢深吸至目標容積、吸飽後憋氣 3-5 秒（這能讓氣體進入側支氣管，確保肺泡充分擴張）。每小時執行多次（5-10次）能維持肺部擴張狀態。用力吹氣是錯誤的，因為這會導致氣道塌陷，無法達到預期效果。
Correct use of an incentive spirometer involves exhaling normally before inhaling slowly and deeply to expand the alveoli, followed by holding the breath for 3 to 5 seconds to keep the alveoli open. The exercise should be performed 5 to 10 times per hour to maintain lung expansion and prevent postoperative complications like atelectasis. Clients should avoid blowing into the device, as this does not achieve sustained maximal inspiration.