護理師應採取哪些措施以預防住院病人跌倒？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent a client from falling? (Select all that apply.)
- AEnsure the bed is in the lowest position✓ 正解確保病床處於最低位置
- BKeep the call light within reach✓ 正解將呼叫鈴放置在觸手可及之處
- CEncourage the client to get up independently for exercise鼓勵病人獨立下床運動
- DKeep the room free of clutter✓ 正解保持房間無雜物
- EApply soft wrist restraints to prevent getting out of bed使用軟質手腕約束帶以防止病人下床
預防跌倒（fall prevention）的核心是「減少環境風險」與「促進病人主動求助」，而非限制活動或約束。 選項 A 正確：床位降至最低（low position）能在病人意外滑下床時降低墜落高度與受傷程度。 選項 B 正確：呼叫鈴放在病人可及範圍，鼓勵病人有需要時主動求助，避免自行起身。 選項 D 正確：清除地板雜物與電線可消除絆倒風險，是環境安全管理的基本要求。 選項 C 錯誤：「鼓勵病人獨立起身運動」對高跌倒風險者並不安全，活動需有護理師或復健師陪同評估。 選項 E 錯誤：約束（restraints）是最後手段，可能增加掙脫時的傷害並涉及倫理與法律問題，不可作為常規預防跌倒手段。
Fall prevention focuses on reducing environmental risk and encouraging the client to call for help, not on restricting movement. A is correct: Keeping the bed in the lowest position reduces injury severity if the client slides off. B is correct: A call light within reach allows the client to ask for assistance instead of getting up alone. D is correct: A clutter-free room eliminates tripping hazards. C is incorrect: Encouraging an at-risk client to ambulate independently increases fall risk—activity should be supervised. E is incorrect: Wrist restraints are a last-resort measure with ethical and legal implications and are not appropriate for routine fall prevention.