護理師教導病人術後營養需求，下列哪種營養素對傷口癒合最重要？

傷口癒合是一個複雜的生理過程，涉及發炎、增生與重塑階段。蛋白質（Protein）在此過程中扮演絕對核心的角色，它是膠原蛋白（Collagen）合成的基石，並參與細胞增生、組織修復與免疫功能提升。雖然碳水化合物與脂肪提供能量，但若缺乏蛋白質，傷口癒合將因組織重建受阻而停滯，因此蛋白質是術後癒合最重要的營養素。

Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Protein plays an absolutely central role in this process: it is the building block for collagen synthesis and is involved in cellular proliferation, tissue repair, and the enhancement of immune function. Although carbohydrates and fats provide energy, without adequate protein, wound healing will stall because tissue rebuilding is impaired. Protein is therefore the most essential nutrient for postoperative wound healing.