護理師為一位高壓瘡風險的病人制定照護計畫，應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client at high risk for pressure ulcers. Which interventions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AReposition the client every 2 hours✓ 正解每2小時為病人重新擺位
- BKeep the skin clean and dry✓ 正解保持皮膚清潔乾燥
- CMassage reddened bony prominences按摩發紅的骨突處
- DUse pillows to bridge bony prominences✓ 正解使用枕頭墊高骨突處
- EApply a donut-shaped cushion to the sacrum在薦骨處使用甜甜圈形坐墊
壓瘡照護重點在於減壓、保養皮膚與避免摩擦。每 2 小時翻身可減少局部組織缺血；保持皮膚乾燥可防止浸潤；橋式墊法能有效懸空骨突處。按摩受壓處會加重組織受損，甜甜圈墊會限制血流導致局部壞死，皆為禁忌。臨床上應採用軟墊減少受壓，而非集中受壓點。
Pressure ulcer care focuses on pressure relief, skin maintenance, and avoidance of friction. Repositioning every 2 hours reduces local tissue ischemia; keeping the skin dry prevents maceration; and bridging with pillows effectively suspends bony prominences. Massaging reddened areas worsens tissue damage, and donut-shaped cushions impair blood flow and cause central necrosis; both are contraindicated. Clinically, soft padding is used to distribute pressure rather than concentrate it.
美國護理界對於使用甜甜圈墊非常嚴格禁止；台灣部分照護機構有時仍因習慣使用，需加強衛教。