— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
一位禁食 (NPO) 等候手術的病人，護理師應採取哪項行動？
A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO for surgery. Which action is essential for the nurse to perform?
- AAdminister all oral medications with a small sip of water以小口水送服所有口服藥物
- BPlace an 'NPO' sign on the door✓ 正解在門上掛上「禁食」標示牌
- CEncourage the client to brush their teeth frequently鼓勵病人經常刷牙
- DAllow the client to chew ice chips允許病人咀嚼冰塊
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
NPO (Nothing by mouth) 的主要目的為防止手術麻醉時發生吸入性肺炎。放置標示牌可告知其他醫護團隊與家屬，避免誤餵。冰塊、口服藥物與喝水均屬違反 NPO 原則，需醫師特別醫囑方可執行。
Placing an 'NPO' sign on the door is essential to clearly communicate the client’s status to the healthcare team and family, preventing accidental intake of food, fluids, or medications. This precaution reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia during anesthesia, as ice chips and oral meds are generally prohibited without specific orders.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國現行術前禁食指引（如 ASA）已趨向彈性，但執行上仍極度嚴謹；台灣臨床對於術前禁食的認知較為保守。