護理師準備為病人靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。為了預防紅人症候群，護理師應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer Vancomycin IV infusion to a patient. Which actions should the nurse take to prevent Red Man Syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister the infusion over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少以 60 分鐘的時間進行輸注
- BDilute the medication appropriately per pharmacy protocol✓ 正解依照藥局協議適當稀釋藥物
- CAdminister a rapid bolus to achieve therapeutic peak levels快速推注以達到治療峰值濃度
- DMonitor for flushing, tachycardia, and hypotension during infusion✓ 正解在輸注期間監測潮紅、心搏過速和低血壓
- EPre-medicate with an antihistamine if previously documented✓ 正解若先前有記錄，預先用抗組織胺給藥
紅人症候群是因為萬古黴素給藥速度過快，導致組織胺大量釋放。預防手段包括：輸注時間至少 60 分鐘、確保適當稀釋濃度、監測過敏反應徵象。若病人既往有相關紀錄，臨床上會先使用抗組織胺預防。絕對不可採取快速推注（Bolus），這會加重毒性反應。
Red Man Syndrome results from administering vancomycin too rapidly, which causes massive histamine release. Preventive measures include infusing the medication over at least 60 minutes, ensuring proper dilution, and monitoring for signs of an allergic-type reaction. If the client has a documented history of the reaction, an antihistamine is given prophylactically. A rapid bolus must never be administered, as it will worsen the toxic reaction.
美國護理師常依護理指引調整滴速，台灣醫院多有明確輸注標準化流程（SOP），需嚴格執行以避免給藥誤差。