病人正在靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）1g，隨後出現臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅。護理師應採取哪項行動？
A client is receiving an infusion of Vancomycin 1g in 250mL of D5W. The client develops flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso. Which nursing action is appropriate?
- AStop the infusion immediately and notify the healthcare provider立即停止靜脈輸注並通知醫療提供者
- BAdminister an antihistamine and continue the infusion at the same rate給予抗組織胺並繼續以相同速率輸注
- CIncrease the IV fluid rate to clear the drug from the system增加靜脈輸液速率以清除體內藥物
- DSlow the infusion rate to the minimum recommended speed✓ 正解將輸注速率減慢至最低建議速度
此臨床表現稱為「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome），係因萬古黴素輸注速度過快導致組織胺釋放所致。這並非真正的過敏反應，因此不需要完全停止輸注。正確處理方式為減慢輸注速率，並視狀況給予抗組織胺，待症狀緩解後再調整速度。若出現低血壓或呼吸窘迫才需停止輸注。
This clinical presentation is called 'Red Man Syndrome,' which is caused by histamine release from too-rapid infusion of vancomycin. It is not a true allergic reaction, so the infusion does not need to be stopped completely. The correct response is to slow the infusion rate and, when indicated, give an antihistamine; once symptoms have resolved, the rate can be adjusted. The infusion should be stopped only if hypotension or respiratory distress develops.
台灣醫院對於萬古黴素輸注多設有嚴格的幫浦流速限制，護理師需熟悉各院區的給藥指引。