— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
一位長期服用皮質類固醇的病人，護理師應監測哪些潛在副作用？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy. Which potential adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- AWeight gain and fluid retention✓ 正解體重增加和液體滯留
- BHyperglycemia✓ 正解高血糖
- CIncreased risk of infection✓ 正解感染風險增加
- DHypokalemia✓ 正解低血鉀
- EOsteoporosis✓ 正解骨質疏鬆
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
皮質類固醇長期使用會影響多種代謝與免疫功能。包括鹽皮質激素效應（體重增加、水腫）、糖質新生效應（高血糖）、免疫抑制（感染風險增高）、電解質失衡（低血鉀）以及骨質吸收增加（骨質疏鬆）。這些副作用涵蓋全身系統，皆為長期照護重點。
Long-term use of corticosteroids affects many metabolic and immune functions, including mineralocorticoid effects (weight gain, edema), gluconeogenic effects (hyperglycemia), immunosuppression (increased infection risk), electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia), and increased bone resorption (osteoporosis). These adverse effects involve all body systems and are key points in long-term care.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣臨床常見病人自行購買類固醇，護理衛教需強調藥物名稱與不可擅自停藥的重要性。