檢傷護理師正在管理初級照護診所一間擁擠的候診室。幾位病患同時抵達。為了防止危險的廣泛性病原體傳播，護理師必須立即將下列哪一位病患從一般候診區隔離？
The triage nurse manages a crowded waiting room at a primary care clinic. Several patients arrive concurrently. To prevent hazardous widespread pathogen transmission, which patient must the nurse immediately isolate from the general waiting area?
- AA 22-year-old male newly diagnosed with HIV arriving for antiretroviral therapy counseling.22歲男性，新診斷為愛滋病，前來接受抗逆轉錄病毒治療諮詢。
- BA 40-year-old female with worsening forearm cellulitis oozing visible yellowish purulent drainage on the bandage.40歲女性，前臂蜂窩性組織炎惡化，繃帶上有可見的黃色膿性滲出液。
- CAn 8-year-old male with a newly erupting vesicular rash and coughing, who has had a fever for 2 days.✓ 正解8歲男性，新出現水泡狀皮疹並咳嗽，發燒已兩天。
- DA 68-year-old female completing chemotherapy who reports five days of watery diarrhea.68歲女性，完成化學治療，報告五天水樣腹瀉。
本題測驗疾病的傳播途徑（Modes of Transmission）與分流隔離優先順序。病童（選項C）發燒兩天且爆發帶有水泡的疹子（Vesicular rash）合併咳嗽，這是水痘（Varicella / Chickenpox）或彌漫性帶狀皰疹的經典特徵。水痘具備高度危險的「空氣傳播（Airborne）」特性，微粒能懸浮於整個候診室的空氣中，如果不立即移入隔離室（並令其戴上外科口罩），會感染整個候診區域包括免疫力低下的化療患者（選項D）。選項B的蜂窩性組織炎雖然化膿，但遵循「接觸傳染防護（Contact precautions）」，細菌不會飛在空中，只要不直接去摸敷料，其他人待在同一個房間是安全的。選項D雖然本身也是危險族群，腹瀉可能是細菌性，但其傳播力同樣侷限於接觸面。選項A的愛滋病屬於完全無空氣接觸風險的血液傳染病，無需在候診室進行空間隔離。
This item tests the modes of transmission of disease and triage isolation priorities. The child in option C has had a fever for two days and is presenting with an erupting vesicular rash and cough, classic features of varicella (chickenpox) or disseminated herpes zoster. Varicella has highly dangerous airborne transmission, with particles that can remain suspended in the air throughout the waiting room; without immediate isolation (and placing a surgical mask on the patient), it could infect everyone in the waiting area, including the immunocompromised chemotherapy patient in option D. The cellulitis in option B, although purulent, follows contact precautions; the bacteria do not become airborne, and as long as no one touches the dressing, others in the same room are safe. The patient in option D is herself a high-risk individual, and her diarrhea may be bacterial, but its transmission is still limited to contact surfaces. The newly diagnosed HIV in option A is a strictly bloodborne pathogen with no airborne or casual contact risk, so no spatial isolation in the waiting room is required.
台美針對傳染病的急診分流（Triage Isolation）有著共通的嚴格標準。特別是空氣傳播疾病（如水痘、麻疹 Measles、結核 TB），在台灣急診與門診也是護理人員的第一優先攔截目標。