護理師進行居家安全衛教，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about home safety. Which items should be included in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)
- ARemove loose rugs from high-traffic areas✓ 正解移除高流量區域的鬆動地毯
- BInstall grab bars in the shower and near the toilet✓ 正解在淋浴間和馬桶旁安裝扶手
- CEnsure adequate lighting in stairways✓ 正解確保樓梯間有充足的照明
- DUse wax on hardwood floors to keep them clean在硬木地板上打蠟以保持清潔
- EPlace non-slip mats in the bathtub✓ 正解在浴缸內放置防滑墊
核心概念：居家安全（Home Safety）是預防意外傷害，特別是跌倒的重要環節，尤其對於老年人或行動不便者。護理師的衛教應涵蓋常見的居家危險因子及預防措施。 為何正確答案對： A. 移除鬆脫的地毯（Remove loose rugs）：地毯邊緣捲起或鬆脫是常見的絆倒原因，移除或固定能有效預防跌倒。 B. 在淋浴間和馬桶旁安裝扶手（Install grab bars）：扶手能提供穩定支撐，幫助病人在濕滑的浴室或起身如廁時保持平衡，顯著降低跌倒風險。 C. 確保樓梯有足夠照明（Ensure adequate lighting）：樓梯是跌倒的高風險區域，充足的光線能幫助辨識台階，避免踩空。 E. 在浴缸內放置防滑墊（Place non-slip mats）：濕滑的浴缸表面是造成滑倒的主因，防滑墊能增加摩擦力，提高安全性。 為何其他選項錯： D. 在硬木地板上打蠟（Use wax on hardwood floors）會使其表面變得非常光滑，大大增加滑倒的風險，這與居家安全的目的背道而馳。 臨床思路（Safety / Environment / Prevention）：居家安全衛教的目標是識別並消除潛在的環境危險。這需要從病人的生活習慣和居家環境的物理特性出發，提供具體的、可操作的建議，以最大程度地降低意外發生的機率。
Core concept: Home safety is an important component of preventing unintentional injury, particularly falls, especially for older adults or those with mobility limitations. The nurse's teaching should address common household hazards and preventive measures. Why the correct answers are correct: A. Remove loose rugs: Curled or loose rug edges are a common cause of tripping; removing or securing them effectively prevents falls. B. Install grab bars in the shower and beside the toilet: Grab bars provide stable support, helping clients maintain balance in slippery bathrooms or when standing up from the toilet, significantly reducing fall risk. C. Ensure adequate lighting on stairs: Stairs are a high-risk area for falls; sufficient lighting helps the client identify steps and avoid missteps. E. Place non-slip mats in the bathtub: Slippery tub surfaces are a major cause of slipping; non-slip mats increase friction and enhance safety. Why the other option is wrong: D. Using wax on hardwood floors makes the surface extremely slick and greatly increases the risk of slipping, which contradicts the goal of home safety. Clinical reasoning (Safety / Environment / Prevention): The goal of home safety teaching is to identify and eliminate potential environmental hazards. This requires starting from the client's habits and the physical characteristics of the home environment to provide concrete, actionable recommendations that minimize the likelihood of incidents.
居家安全衛教的原則在美國和台灣是相同的，都強調消除環境中的跌倒危險因子，例如移除障礙物、確保照明、使用扶手和防滑設施。美國的居家安全指南（如由 CDC 或 AARP 提供）可能更為詳盡，涵蓋更多細節和產品推薦。台灣的居家護理和社區健康服務也會納入類似的衛教內容。此題所問的核心原則無差異。