一位病人被診斷為副甲狀腺功能亢進。應預期到何種電解質異常？

副甲狀腺功能亢進（Hyperparathyroidism）會導致副甲狀腺素（PTH）分泌過多。PTH 的生理作用包括：促進骨骼釋放鈣離子進入血液、增加腎臟對鈣的再吸收，以及促進腎臟排磷。因此，臨床上會出現高血鈣（Hypercalcemia）與低血磷（Hypophosphatemia）。高血鈣病人需密切觀察心律不整、肌肉無力與骨質疏鬆風險。治療通常包含手術切除腺體或藥物控制。

Hyperparathyroidism causes excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The physiologic actions of PTH include promoting the release of calcium from bone into the bloodstream, increasing renal reabsorption of calcium, and promoting renal phosphate excretion. Clinically, this results in hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Clients with hypercalcemia must be closely monitored for cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and risk of osteoporosis. Treatment typically includes surgical removal of the affected gland or pharmacologic control.