— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
在代謝性酸中毒病人身上，預期會出現下列哪些情況？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are expected in a patient with Metabolic Acidosis? (Select all that apply.)
- ApH < 7.35✓ 正解pH < 7.35
- BHCO3 < 22 mEq/L✓ 正解HCO3 < 22 mEq/L
- CPaCO2 decrease (compensation)✓ 正解PaCO2 下降（代償）
- DIncreased urine output尿量增加
- EHypokalemia低血鉀
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
代謝性酸中毒（Metabolic Acidosis）的診斷特徵為 pH 值低於 7.35 且 HCO3 低於 22 mEq/L。為了緩解酸血症，身體會透過呼吸代償（Respiratory compensation），藉由過度換氣來排出過多的 CO2，因此 PaCO2 會下降。此病理狀態常伴隨高血鉀，因為細胞內外的氫離子與鉀離子進行交換。
The diagnostic hallmarks of metabolic acidosis are a pH below 7.35 and an HCO3 below 22 mEq/L. To compensate for the acidemia, the body initiates respiratory compensation, hyperventilating to eliminate excess CO2, which lowers the PaCO2. This pathological state is commonly accompanied by hyperkalemia, because hydrogen ions are exchanged with potassium ions across the cellular membrane.