護理師在安全處理危險藥物（化療藥）時，應採取哪些行動？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions should the nurse perform when handling hazardous drugs safely? (Select all that apply.)
- AWear double gloves during administration✓ 正解給藥期間戴雙層手套
- BUse a closed-system transfer device✓ 正解使用閉合式轉移裝置
- CDispose of all waste in the regular trash將所有廢棄物丟入一般垃圾桶
- DWear a chemo-rated gown✓ 正解穿著化療防護衣
- EApply a face shield if splashing is likely✓ 正解若有噴濺風險，佩戴面罩
危險藥物（Hazardous drugs，如化療藥）具有細胞毒性，可能對護理人員造成職業暴露危害。處理此類藥物必須嚴格執行個人防護裝備（PPE）規範。這包括雙層手套以防止滲透、化療專用防護衣以阻擋噴濺、以及使用閉合式轉移裝置（CSTD）來減少空氣中的藥物微粒或液體外洩。廢棄物處理需遵循特定危險廢棄物規範，絕不可混入一般垃圾。
Hazardous drugs (such as chemotherapy agents) are cytotoxic and may pose occupational exposure hazards to nursing staff. Handling these medications requires strict adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) protocols, including double gloves to prevent permeation, chemotherapy-rated gowns to block splashes, and the use of closed-system transfer devices (CSTDs) to minimize aerosolized particles or fluid leakage. Waste disposal must comply with specific hazardous-waste regulations and must never be mixed with regular trash.
美國醫院針對危險藥物處理遵循 USP <800> 標準，要求極為嚴格，包含必須在負壓生物安全櫃（BSC）中準備藥物，且所有人員必須定期接受 PPE 穿戴與 spill kit 使用的認證考核。