護理師在長青中心向一群長者進行關於「次級預防」的教育。下列哪項活動應被視為次級預防的例子？
A nurse is educating a group of older adults at a senior center about secondary prevention. Which of the following activities should the nurse include as an example of secondary prevention?
- AProviding influenza immunizations提供流感疫苗接種
- BFacilitating a support group for stroke survivors協助成立中風倖存者支持團體
- CPerforming blood pressure screenings進行血壓篩檢正確答案
- DTeaching a client how to use a nebulizer after a COPD diagnosis教導個案在確診慢性阻塞性肺病後如何使用霧化器
- C進行血壓篩檢
核心概念：三段五級預防概念的應用。這是 NCLEX 考題的必考點。為何正確答案 C 對：次級預防（Secondary Prevention）的核心是「早期發現、早期診斷、早期治療」。血壓篩檢是為了在疾病尚未出現嚴重症狀或併發症前，先辨識出高血壓患者。為何其他選項錯：選項 A 疫苗接種屬於初級預防（Primary Prevention），旨在防止疾病發生；選項 D 和 B 屬於三級預防（Tertiary Prevention），目的是在疾病確診後防止惡化、減輕殘障並促進復健。臨床推理：護理師在回答這類題目時，應思考該行為是發生在「發病前」（一級）、「篩檢期」（二級）還是「治療復健期」（三級）。
- A提供流感疫苗接種
疫苗接種是為了建立免疫力以避免感染，這屬於第一道防線，即初級預防。
- B協助成立中風倖存者支持團體
中風後的復健或支持團體是為了幫助病人回歸社會、減少後遺症影響，是典型的三級預防。
- C · 正確答案進行血壓篩檢
篩檢（如血壓、血糖、癌症篩檢）旨在找出潛在患者，符合次級預防「早發現、早治療」的定義。
- D教導個案在確診慢性阻塞性肺病後如何使用霧化器
針對已確診疾病（COPD）的用藥指導是為了控制病程、預防惡化，屬於三級預防。
美國護理教育非常強調三級預防的學理區分。在台灣臨床實務中，護理師可能較少在口頭溝通中使用「次級預防」等學術詞彙，但實際執行的「成人健檢」推廣即是次級預防的核心。
English explanation
Core concept: application of the three-level (primary/secondary/tertiary) prevention framework. This is an essential NCLEX testing point. Why option C is correct: the core of secondary prevention is "early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment." Blood pressure screening is intended to identify clients with hypertension before severe symptoms or complications develop. Why the other options are wrong: option A (immunization) is primary prevention, aimed at preventing disease from occurring; options D and B are tertiary prevention, aimed at preventing deterioration after disease has been diagnosed, reducing disability, and promoting rehabilitation. Clinical reasoning: when answering this type of question, the nurse should consider whether the action takes place "before onset" (primary), during the "screening phase" (secondary), or during the "treatment/rehabilitation phase" (tertiary).
最近修訂：2026-10-06