護理師應採取哪些行動以維護病人隱私？（選所有適合的）
Which actions should the nurse take to maintain client confidentiality? (Select all that apply.)
- ALog off the computer terminal before walking away✓ 正解離開前登出電腦終端機
- BShare the client's diagnosis with a family member who is visiting與探視的家屬分享病人的診斷
- CDispose of client-identifiable information in the regular trash can將可識別病人身份的資訊丟入一般垃圾桶
- DDiscuss the client's care only in private areas such as a conference room✓ 正解僅在會議室等私密區域討論病人的照護
- EVerify the identity of individuals who call requesting information about the client✓ 正解核對要求提供病人資訊之來電者的身分
維護病人隱私是法律與倫理的核心要求。正確的維護措施包括：離開電腦前務必登出（A），防止未授權人員查看電子病歷。討論病情應在私密空間（D），避免在電梯、餐廳等公共場所交談。對於來電詢問病況者，必須核實其身份（E），且僅能提供給病人授權的人員。錯誤選項中，未經病人同意不可隨意向家屬揭露診斷（B），這違反了病人的隱私權。含個人資料的紙張必須放入專用的碎紙桶或機密回收桶，不可丟入一般垃圾桶（C），以防止資料外洩。
Maintaining client confidentiality is a core legal and ethical requirement. Appropriate measures include: logging off the computer before leaving (A) to prevent unauthorized personnel from viewing the electronic medical record; discussing patient care only in private areas (D) and avoiding conversations in public places such as elevators or cafeterias; and verifying the identity of anyone calling for client information (E), providing information only to individuals authorized by the client. Among the incorrect options, the diagnosis cannot be disclosed to family members without the client's consent (B), as this violates the client's privacy rights. Papers containing identifiable information must be placed in a dedicated shredder or confidential disposal container rather than the regular trash (C), in order to prevent data breaches.
美國 HIPAA 法規對隱私違規有極嚴厲的聯邦罰款；台灣則依《個人資料保護法》處理。在美國，護理師甚至不能在病人板上寫出全名（常只寫姓或縮寫），台灣臨床上姓名揭露較為普遍，但考試需遵守美國嚴格標準。