— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師應採取哪些措施，以降低術後病人深層靜脈栓塞（DVT）的風險？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in a postoperative client? (Select all that apply.)
- AApply sequential compression devices (SCDs)✓ 正解應用間歇性氣壓加壓裝置 (SCDs)
- BEncourage frequent leg exercises and ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵頻繁進行腿部運動與下床活動
- CMassage the calf muscles to improve blood flow按摩小腿肌肉以改善血液循環
- DMaintain adequate hydration✓ 正解維持充足的水分攝取
- EAdminister prescribed prophylactic anticoagulants✓ 正解給予處方的預防性抗凝血劑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
DVT 預防策略包含機械性與藥物性。SCDs 與運動可促進靜脈回流，預防血液淤滯；補充足夠水分可降低血液黏稠度；抗凝血劑則是預防血栓的重要藥物。絕對不可按摩小腿，因為按摩可能導致既有血栓剝落，引發肺栓塞。
DVT prevention strategies include mechanical and pharmacologic measures. SCDs and exercise promote venous return and prevent stasis; adequate hydration reduces blood viscosity; anticoagulants are important medications for preventing thrombus formation. Calf massage is absolutely contraindicated, as it may dislodge an existing thrombus and cause pulmonary embolism.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常需依照評估量表（如 Caprini score）主動執行預防方案；台灣則多由醫師醫囑驅動相關治療。