護理師教導一位新診斷高血壓的病人，哪些生活方式調整是建議的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension. Which lifestyle modifications are recommended? (Select all that apply.)
- ADASH diet✓ 正解DASH飲食
- BSodium restriction (<2.4g per day)✓ 正解限制鈉攝取（每日<2.4克）
- CRegular aerobic physical activity✓ 正解規律的有氧運動
- DSmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
- ELimit alcohol consumption✓ 正解限制酒精攝取
高血壓（Hypertension）的衛教目標是透過生活型態調整（Lifestyle modifications）來降低心血管風險。DASH飲食（Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension）被證實對降血壓極為有效；限鈉能減少水分滯留以降低血壓；有氧運動能增進心血管功能；戒菸能防止血管收縮；限制酒精則能避免血壓波動。這些措施是臨床治療高血壓的一線建議，旨在減少藥物依賴並改善長期預後。
The goal of patient education for hypertension is to lower cardiovascular risk through lifestyle modifications. The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) has been shown to be highly effective in lowering blood pressure; sodium restriction reduces fluid retention and lowers blood pressure; aerobic exercise improves cardiovascular function; smoking cessation prevents vasoconstriction; and limiting alcohol intake avoids blood pressure fluctuations. These measures are first-line clinical recommendations for hypertension management, aimed at reducing reliance on medications and improving long-term outcomes.