— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位診斷為愛迪生氏病（腎上腺皮質功能低下）的病人入院。護理師最可能預期哪種電解質不平衡？
A client is admitted with a diagnosis of Addison's disease. Which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most likely to anticipate?
- AHypernatremia and hypokalemia高鈉血症和低鉀血症
- BHypocalcemia and hypernatremia低鈣血症和高鈉血症
- CHyponatremia and hyperkalemia✓ 正解低鈉血症和高鉀血症
- DHypercalcemia and hypokalemia高鈣血症和低鉀血症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
愛迪生氏病（Addison's Disease）為腎上腺皮質功能低下。皮質醇（Cortisol）與醛固酮（Aldosterone）的分泌不足是其病理核心。醛固酮的主要功能是促進遠曲小管重吸收鈉離子，並排泄鉀離子。當其缺乏時，病人會出現明顯的鈉離子流失（低血鈉）與鉀離子滯留（高血鉀）。這種電解質失衡會導致嚴重的血壓下降與心律不整風險，是護理評估與監測的關鍵。
Addison's disease involves adrenal insufficiency, specifically a lack of aldosterone, which regulates sodium and potassium balance. Aldosterone deficiency leads to sodium loss (hyponatremia) and potassium retention (hyperkalemia), causing potential hemodynamic instability and arrhythmias.