護理師應建議個案採取哪項一級預防策略，以降低罹患皮膚癌的風險？
Which primary prevention strategy should the nurse recommend to a client to decrease the risk of skin cancer?
- APerform a monthly skin self-assessment using the ABCDE rule.使用 ABCDE 法則每月進行皮膚自我評估
- BUse a tanning bed instead of direct sunlight.使用美黑燈代替直接日曬
- CApply broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30.✓ 正解塗抹 SPF 30 以上的廣譜防曬乳
- DHave a dermatologist examine moles annually.每年請皮膚科醫師檢查痣
健康促進中的「一級預防」(Primary Prevention) 旨在防止疾病發生。防曬是預防皮膚癌最核心的策略。使用 SPF 30 以上的廣譜防曬乳 (C) 可阻斷 UVA 和 UVB 對皮膚細胞 DNA 的損傷。選項 D (皮膚科檢查) 和 A (ABCDE 自檢) 屬於「二級預防」，目的是早期發現已發生的病變；選項 B 錯誤，室內日曬機 (tanning bed) 的紫外線強度極高，會顯著增加黑色素瘤風險。護理師應指導個案避免在上午 10 點至下午 4 點間曝曬，並穿著防護衣物。
Primary prevention in health promotion aims to prevent disease from occurring. Sun protection is the cornerstone strategy for preventing skin cancer. Using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher (C) blocks UVA and UVB damage to skin cell DNA. Options A (dermatologic exam) and A (ABCDE self-exam) are secondary prevention, intended to detect already-existing lesions early; option B is incorrect because indoor tanning beds emit very intense UV radiation that significantly increases melanoma risk. The nurse should teach the patient to avoid sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. and to wear protective clothing.
美國文化中戶外活動與日曬普及，皮膚癌盛行率高，護理師對防曬與日曬機風險的衛教極為強調；台灣護理師則多強調防曬以美白及防斑為主，對癌症預防的連結較少。