護理師準備給藥時，哪些行為符合給藥安全標準？（選所有適合的）

藥物安全是護理實踐的重中之重，確保病人獲得正確的藥物、正確的劑量、透過正確的途徑、在正確的時間，給予正確的病人，並記錄正確，這就是所謂的「藥物給予的五項權利」（Five Rights of Medication Administration）。 正確選項 A、B、D、E 均為確保藥物安全性的關鍵步驟。A. 使用兩個病人識別碼（如姓名、病歷號、出生日期）是防止給藥錯誤的最基本要求。B. 核對藥品標籤與醫囑單（Medication Administration Record, MAR），是確保藥物種類、劑量正確的重要關卡。D. 給藥前再次確認病人的藥物過敏史，可預防嚴重的過敏反應。E. 立即記錄給藥情況，確保醫療紀錄的準確性與即時性，並提供其他醫護人員正確資訊。 錯誤選項 C（給予他人準備的藥物）是極度危險的行為。雖然有時團隊合作是必要的，但藥物準備與給予應盡可能由同一位護理師執行，以確保對藥物與病人的雙重確認。若無法避免，則需要更嚴謹的二次核對程序，但直接給予他人準備的藥物，風險極高。 臨床思路：護理師在給藥前應建立一套標準化的檢查流程，並時刻保持警惕，將病人安全置於首位。安全優先：藥物錯誤可能導致嚴重的健康損害甚至死亡，因此任何可能增加風險的環節都必須避免。

Medication safety is paramount in nursing practice. Ensuring that the client receives the right medication, in the right dose, by the right route, at the right time, given to the right client, and with the right documentation constitutes the Five Rights of Medication Administration. Correct options A, B, D, and E are all key steps in ensuring medication safety. A. Using two client identifiers (such as name, medical record number, or date of birth) is the most basic requirement for preventing medication errors. B. Comparing the medication label with the Medication Administration Record (MAR) is an important checkpoint that ensures the correct medication type and dose. D. Verifying the client's drug allergy history before administration prevents serious allergic reactions. E. Documenting the medication immediately ensures the accuracy and timeliness of the medical record and provides correct information to other healthcare team members. Incorrect option C (administering medication prepared by another nurse) is extremely dangerous behavior. Although teamwork is sometimes necessary, the preparation and administration of medication should be performed by the same nurse whenever possible in order to ensure double verification of both medication and patient. If this is unavoidable, a stricter second-verification process is required; administering medication prepared by someone else carries very high risk. Clinical reasoning: The nurse should establish a standardized pre-administration checklist before giving medications and remain vigilant, placing patient safety first. Safety priority: medication errors can lead to serious harm or even death, so any step that could increase risk must be avoided.

藥物給予的安全原則（Five Rights）在台美兩地完全一致，且是護理實踐的基石。美國在電子病歷（EMR）和條碼掃描系統（Barcode Scanning）的應用上更為普及，進一步強化了藥物給予的安全性。台灣的醫院也逐步導入相關系統，但仍有部分地區或醫院依賴手動記錄，因此護理師對「五權」的熟稔與執行力尤為重要。