護理師照護經尿道攝護腺切除術（TURP）後進行持續性膀胱沖洗（CBI）的病人，哪些情況需回報醫師？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) following a TURP. Which observations should be reported to the provider? (Select all that apply.)
- AOutput is bright red with thick clots✓ 正解引流液呈鮮紅色並伴有厚血塊
- BOutput is light pink引流液呈淡粉紅色
- CPatient reports bladder spasms病人報告膀胱痙攣
- DOutput volume is significantly less than irrigation input✓ 正解引流體積顯著少於沖洗輸入量
- EPatient feels a constant urge to void病人感覺持續有排尿衝動
CBI 術後應觀察顏色與引流量。鮮紅色且含大血塊（A）代表動脈出血風險；引流量少於沖洗量（D）代表尿管堵塞，可能引發膀胱破裂。淡粉色（B）屬術後初期正常現象。膀胱痙攣（C）與強烈尿意（E）雖不適，但為術後常見反應，可透過抗痙攣藥物或調整引流控制，非立即危險。
After TURP, the nurse should observe the color and volume of CBI drainage. Bright red drainage with large clots (A) indicates a risk of arterial bleeding; drainage volume less than irrigation input (D) indicates catheter obstruction and may lead to bladder rupture. Light pink (B) is a normal finding in the early postoperative period. Bladder spasms (C) and a constant urge to void (E) are uncomfortable but are common postoperative reactions that can be controlled with antispasmodics or by adjusting drainage; they are not immediate emergencies.
美國護理師常需自行評估並決定是否增加 CBI 滴速，台灣護理師執行此類調整通常需事先確認常規醫囑或諮詢醫師。