— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導病人自行施打胰島素，應提供哪些指導以確保安全？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which instructions should the nurse provide to ensure safety? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解旋轉注射部位以防止脂肪營養不良
- BAlways aspirate before injecting the medication注射前務必回抽
- CStore unopened insulin in the refrigerator✓ 正解將未開封的胰島素存放在冰箱中
- DUse the same syringe for multiple injections多次注射使用同一支注射器
- EClean the site with alcohol before injection✓ 正解注射前以酒精清潔注射部位
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素（insulin）的正確施打技術直接影響藥物吸收與病人安全。輪替注射部位可預防脂肪肥大或萎縮（lipodystrophy），確保吸收穩定。冷藏未開封胰島素可維持藥效，但施打前應恢復室溫以減少疼痛。酒精消毒是標準無菌技術。現代胰島素針頭設計極細，且注射於皮下組織，無需回抽。重複使用針頭會導致針尖鈍化與感染風險增加，應明確衛教病人避免。
Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy and ensure consistent insulin absorption. Store unopened insulin in the refrigerator to maintain stability, and clean the injection site with alcohol to prevent bacterial introduction.