護理師照護鼻胃管（NG tube）病人，下列哪些護理措施為優先事項？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is managing the care of a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which nursing interventions are priority? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify tube placement by checking gastric pH before administration✓ 正解給藥前檢查胃液pH值以確認管路位置
- BFlush the tube with water after medication administration✓ 正解給藥後以清水沖洗管路
- CElevate the head of the bed to at least 30-45 degrees✓ 正解將床頭抬高至少30-45度
- DReplace the tube every 24 hours to prevent infection每24天更換一次管路以預防感染
- ECheck residual volume every 4 hours✓ 正解每4小時檢查殘餘量
鼻胃管護理重點為預防吸入與阻塞。確認 pH 值（通常 <5.5）可判斷是否在胃部；給藥後沖洗可防止阻塞；抬高床頭 30-45 度可防逆流；監測殘餘量（Residual）可預防消化不良導致的嘔吐風險。管路更換並非每日執行，通常依醫院 Protocol 每數週更換，頻繁更換反而增加損傷。
The priorities of nasogastric tube care are prevention of aspiration and tube occlusion. Verifying pH (usually <5.5) helps confirm gastric placement; flushing after medication administration prevents clogging; elevating the head of the bed 30–45 degrees reduces reflux; and monitoring residual volumes prevents vomiting due to delayed gastric emptying. Routine tube replacement is not performed daily; per institutional protocol it is typically changed every several weeks, and overly frequent replacement increases the risk of tissue trauma.
台灣臨床常見以聽診氣泡測試位置，但在實證護理中，美國已逐漸強調 pH 試紙檢測的重要性。