護理師教導老年人營養健康知識。應包含哪些重點？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching an older adult about nutritional health. What should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease fiber to prevent constipation✓ 正解增加纖維攝取以預防便秘
- BMaintain adequate protein intake✓ 正解維持足夠的蛋白質攝取
- CLimit fluids to prevent frequent urination限制水分攝取以預防頻尿
- DEnsure adequate calcium and Vitamin D✓ 正解確保足夠的鈣質與維生素 D
- EAvoid all fat intake避免攝取任何脂肪
老年人隨著生理機能退化，對營養的需求與代謝產生變化。護理目標在於維持肌肉骨骼功能、促進腸胃蠕動並預防慢性病。正確的營養衛教應包含增加纖維以對抗常見的便秘問題、攝取足量蛋白質以維持肌肉質量（預防肌少症），以及透過鈣質與維生素D維持骨骼密度。限制水分與避免所有脂肪攝取均違反老年健康原則，前者易導致脫水與腎功能受損，後者則缺乏必需脂肪酸與脂溶性維生素攝取。
Older adults experience changes in nutritional needs and metabolism as their physiologic function declines. The nursing goal is to maintain musculoskeletal function, promote gastrointestinal motility, and prevent chronic diseases. Appropriate nutritional teaching includes increasing fiber to combat the common problem of constipation, consuming adequate protein to maintain muscle mass (preventing sarcopenia), and ensuring sufficient calcium and vitamin D to maintain bone density. Restricting fluid intake and avoiding all fats are both contrary to principles of healthy aging; the former predisposes to dehydration and renal impairment, while the latter results in insufficient essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins.