— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在評估一位病人的口腔健康。下列何種發現需要進一步評估？
A nurse is assessing a client's oral health. Which finding requires further investigation?
- AOccasional bad breath偶爾口臭
- BWhite patches on the tongue✓ 正解舌頭上有白色斑塊
- CPlaque buildup on teeth牙齒上有牙菌斑堆積
- DSlightly red gums牙齦輕微發紅
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
口腔評估是全身健康的一環。舌頭上的白色斑塊（White patches）在臨床上屬於警訊，必須鑑別診斷是否為念珠菌感染（Candidiasis，常表現為可刮除的白斑）或口腔白斑症（Leukoplakia，常表現為無法刮除的白色病變，屬於癌前病變）。護理師應針對任何非正常的口腔黏膜變化進行深入詢問與轉介評估。
Oral assessment is one component of overall health assessment. White patches on the tongue are clinically considered a warning sign, and differential diagnosis must distinguish between candidiasis (commonly presenting as a removable white plaque) and leukoplakia (commonly presenting as a non-removable white lesion considered precancerous). The nurse should perform an in-depth assessment and refer for further evaluation in response to any abnormal change in the oral mucosa.