哪些行為顯示護理師理解病人隱私與 HIPAA 規範？（選所有適合的）
Which actions demonstrate an understanding of client confidentiality and HIPAA regulations? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiscussing the client's condition with their spouse in the hallway在走廊與病人的配偶討論病情
- BLogging out of the computer before leaving the workstation✓ 正解離開工作站前登出電腦系統
- CUsing a private room to discuss care with the client✓ 正解使用私人病房與病人討論照護事宜
- DSharing a client's lab results with a coworker not involved in their care與未參與該病人照護的同事分享實驗室結果
- EShredding papers containing client information before disposal✓ 正解丟棄前將含有病人資訊的文件粉碎
健康保險流通與責任法案（HIPAA）的核心在於保護病人的隱私與資訊安全。護理師必須確保病人資訊僅在必要時，且於隱密環境下與授權對象討論。正確行為包括：離開工作站時登出系統以防他人讀取、在私人空間進行專業溝通，以及妥善銷毀包含個資的紙本文件。臨床上，任何涉及病人資料的處理都應遵循『最小必要原則』（Minimum Necessary Rule）。
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is centered on protecting patient privacy and information security. Nurses must ensure that patient information is discussed only when necessary, in private settings, and only with authorized individuals. Appropriate behaviors include: logging out of the workstation when leaving to prevent unauthorized access, holding professional conversations in private areas, and properly destroying paper documents containing personal information. Clinically, any handling of patient information should follow the 'Minimum Necessary Rule.'
美國 HIPAA 法規極為嚴格，違規可能面臨巨額罰款與法律訴訟。相比之下，台灣勞基法與醫療法雖有保密義務，但美國職場對『電子設備登出』與『紙本銷毀』的稽核與日常執行力道通常更為嚴謹。