— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師諮詢個案戒菸。哪種方法最具實證基礎？
A nurse is counseling a client regarding smoking cessation. Which approach is most evidence-based?
- ASmoking e-cigarettes as a permanent substitute永久以電子香菸取代吸菸
- BTrying to stop cold turkey without support嘗試無支援下徹底戒菸
- CReducing the number of cigarettes gradually without tools無輔助工具下逐漸減少香菸數量
- DCombining nicotine replacement therapy with behavioral counseling✓ 正解結合尼古丁替代療法與行為諮商
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
戒菸成功率最高的組合是藥物輔助（如尼古丁替代療法）加上行為諮詢（Behavioral counseling）。A 錯誤：電子菸長期安全性存疑；B 錯誤：完全無輔助的戒菸成功率極低；C 錯誤：單純減少量通常難以堅持。
The combination with the highest smoking cessation success rate is pharmacologic support (such as nicotine replacement therapy) combined with behavioral counseling. A is incorrect: the long-term safety of e-cigarettes is uncertain; B is incorrect: cessation without any support has a very low success rate; C is incorrect: simply reducing the number of cigarettes is typically difficult to sustain.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有專門的 Quitline 與結構化諮商；台灣由國民健康署推廣戒菸門診，護理師在衛教與轉介上扮演重要角色。