哪項評估結果顯示接受靜脈營養的病人出現潛在併發症？
Which assessment finding indicates a potential complication for a client receiving parenteral nutrition?
- ASerum albumin of 3.5 g/dL血清白蛋白 3.5 g/dL
- BWeight gain of 0.5 kg in 24 hours24 小時內體重增加 0.5 kg
- CPresence of a midline catheter存在中線導管
- DBlood glucose of 180 mg/dL✓ 正解血糖 180 mg/dL
本題的核心概念是識別接受靜脈營養（parenteral nutrition, PN）的病患可能出現的代謝性併發症。靜脈營養通常含有高濃度的葡萄糖，旨在為無法經腸道獲取足夠營養的病患提供全面的營養支持。然而，高糖負荷可能導致胰島素需求增加，若胰島素分泌不足或存在胰島素阻抗，便容易發生高血糖（hyperglycemia）。高血糖不僅會增加感染風險，還可能導致電解質失衡、滲透性利尿和高滲透壓非酮酸性昏迷（hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, HHS），因此是PN最常見且需要密切監測的潛在併發症。
Parenteral nutrition solutions contain high concentrations of dextrose, which can overwhelm the body's insulin response and lead to hyperglycemia. This metabolic complication requires close monitoring because it increases the risk of infection and osmotic diuresis. A blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia, whereas the other options represent normal findings or appropriate equipment.
美國營養照護團隊參與度高；台灣多由醫師處方、護理師執行監測。