— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
急性胰臟炎病人，最容易產生哪種電解質不平衡？
A client with acute pancreatitis is at high risk for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
- AHyperkalemia高血鉀症
- BHypokalemia低血鉀症
- CHypercalcemia高血鈣症
- DHypocalcemia✓ 正解低血鈣症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎（Acute Pancreatitis）會導致胰臟組織受損，釋放出的脂肪酶（Lipase）會分解脂肪，產生脂肪酸。這些脂肪酸會與血液中的鈣離子結合，形成鈣皂（Calcium soaps），此過程稱為皂化（Saponification），直接導致血鈣濃度下降。低血鈣（Hypocalcemia）是急性胰臟炎常見的併發症，護理師需特別觀察病人是否有手足抽搐（Tetany）、Chvostek徵象或Trousseau徵象，以預防心律不整等危險。
In acute pancreatitis, released lipase digests peri-pancreatic fat producing free fatty acids that bind serum calcium to form calcium soaps (saponification), causing hypocalcemia. Nurses should monitor for tetany, Chvostek and Trousseau signs, and arrhythmias. Hyperkalemia would be expected only with superimposed renal failure; hypokalemia from vomiting/NPO is not the classic pancreatitis-specific abnormality.