— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位糖尿病病人被診斷為低血糖，護理師應監測下列哪項臨床表現？
A client with diabetes mellitus is diagnosed with hypoglycemia. Which manifestation should the nurse monitor for?
- AKussmaul respirations庫斯莫爾呼吸
- BDiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- CFruity breath odor水果味口氣
- DPolyuria多尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖會刺激交感神經系統，導致腎上腺素大量分泌。發汗（Diaphoresis）是交感神經亢奮的典型症狀。D、A、C 皆為高血糖或糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）的徵象，如多尿為滲透壓利尿，庫斯莫爾呼吸與水果味口氣則與酸中毒相關。
Hypoglycemia stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, causing release of large amounts of epinephrine. Diaphoresis is a classic symptom of this sympathetic hyperactivity. D, A, and C are all signs of hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): polyuria results from osmotic diuresis, and Kussmaul respirations and fruity breath are associated with acidosis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床對低血糖急救流程相似，但在美國護理師常有口服葡萄糖處置之權限，台灣醫療環境有時較依賴醫囑。