— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病患因車禍入院，疑似低血容性休克。下列哪些臨床發現支持此診斷？（選所有適合的）
A client is admitted with suspected hypovolemic shock following a motor vehicle accident. Which clinical findings support the diagnosis of hypovolemic shock? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- BIncreased urine output尿液排出量增加
- CCool, clammy skin✓ 正解冰冷、濕黏的皮膚
- DHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- EConfusion or altered mental status✓ 正解困惑或意識狀態改變
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血容性休克（Hypovolemic Shock）是因體液流失導致循環血量不足。身體會透過交感神經代償：心跳加快以維持心輸出量（Tachycardia）、血管收縮以維持血壓並將血液分流至重要器官（導致皮膚冰冷濕黏）。當代償失效，血壓下降（Hypotension）且腦部灌流不足導致意識改變（Confusion）。同時，因腎臟灌流減少，尿量會顯著減少（Oliguria）。
Hypovolemic shock from trauma reduces circulating volume. Sympathetic compensation produces tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction (cool, clammy skin). When compensation fails, BP falls (hypotension) and cerebral hypoperfusion produces altered mental status. Renal hypoperfusion causes OLIGURIA (decreased urine output), not increased urine output—so option B is incorrect.