護理師應針對接受全靜脈營養 (PN) 的病人監測哪些指標？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should a nurse monitor for a client receiving parenteral nutrition (PN)? (Select all that apply.)
- ABlood glucose levels✓ 正解血糖值
- BDaily weights✓ 正解每日體重
- CSerum electrolyte levels✓ 正解血清電解質濃度
- DUrine specific gravity尿液比重
- EInsertion site integrity✓ 正解插管部位完整性
全靜脈營養（PN）含有高濃度的葡萄糖、胺基酸、脂肪乳劑、電解質與維生素，對病人的代謝系統挑戰極大。監測重點在於預防高血糖（因高濃度葡萄糖）、電解質不平衡（如再餵食症候群），並透過每日體重監測液體滯留狀況。此外，由於 PN 輸注通常透過中心靜脈導管，導管相關血流感染（CRBSI）是致命風險，因此導管部位的護理與監測至關重要。
Parenteral nutrition (PN) contains high concentrations of glucose, amino acids, lipid emulsion, electrolytes, and vitamins, posing a major challenge to the patient's metabolic system. Monitoring focuses on preventing hyperglycemia (due to the high glucose content) and electrolyte imbalance (such as refeeding syndrome), and on tracking fluid retention through daily weights. Furthermore, because PN is typically administered via a central venous catheter, catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a deadly risk, making catheter site care and surveillance critically important.