護理師教導個案關於預防心血管疾病的健康生活選擇，應包含哪些建議？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about healthy lifestyle choices to prevent cardiovascular disease. Which of the following recommendations should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AEngage in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 150 minutes per week✓ 正解每週進行150分鐘中等強度有氧運動
- BMaintain a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains✓ 正解維持富含水果、蔬菜和全穀物的飲食
- CLimit tobacco use to fewer than five cigarettes per day將菸草使用量限制在每天少於五支
- DAim for a target body mass index (BMI) within the healthy range✓ 正解目標體位指數（BMI）維持在健康範圍內
- EManage stress through relaxation techniques or physical activity✓ 正解透過放鬆技巧或體育活動管理壓力
預防心血管疾病（CVD）的衛教強調生活型態調整。根據 AHA 指引，每週 150 分鐘中度有氧運動是標準建議。健康飲食、維持 BMI 以及壓力管理均能直接改善心血管風險因子（如血壓、血脂）。關於戒菸，必須強調「完全戒除」，因為吸菸與心血管損傷之間存在劑量反應關係（Dose-response relationship），即便減少吸菸量仍無法消除對血管內皮的慢性傷害，因此「減少」並非有效預防措施。
Education on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention emphasizes lifestyle modification. Per the AHA guidelines, 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is the standard recommendation. A healthy diet, maintenance of an appropriate BMI, and stress management all directly improve cardiovascular risk factors (such as blood pressure and lipid levels). Regarding tobacco, the message must emphasize "complete cessation," because a dose-response relationship exists between smoking and cardiovascular injury; even reduced smoking does not eliminate chronic damage to the vascular endothelium, so "reduction" is not an effective preventive measure.