— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位患有尿崩症的病人。下列哪項實驗室檢驗結果是預期會出現的？
A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes insipidus. Which laboratory finding should the nurse expect to see?
- ADilute urine with low specific gravity✓ 正解稀釋尿液且比重低
- BLow serum osmolality低血漿滲透壓
- CHigh urine specific gravity高尿液比重
- DHyperglycemia高血糖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（Diabetes Insipidus）源於抗利尿激素（ADH）缺乏或腎臟對其反應不良，導致腎小管無法再吸收水分，病人排出大量稀釋的尿液。實驗室數據會呈現尿液比重（Urine specific gravity）顯著降低，血液因水分流失而變得濃縮，導致血漿滲透壓（Serum osmolality）升高。
Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or poor renal response to ADH, resulting in the inability of the renal tubules to reabsorb water; the client excretes large volumes of dilute urine. Laboratory data show a markedly low urine specific gravity and, because of water loss, the blood becomes concentrated and the serum osmolality rises.