— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位病人被診斷為低血鈣。護理師應預期看到哪些評估發現？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- APositive Trousseau sign✓ 正解Trousseau 徵象陽性
- BPositive Chvostek sign✓ 正解Chvostek 徵象陽性
- CHyperactive deep tendon reflexes✓ 正解深層肌腱反射亢進
- DMuscle weakness肌肉無力
- EShortened QT intervalQT 間期縮短
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鈣導致神經肌肉興奮性增加，會出現特有的 Trousseau sign（壓脈帶加壓後手部痙攣）與 Chvostek sign（敲擊顏面神經導致面部抽動），以及反射過強（DTR）。D（肌無力）常為高血鈣特徵，E（QT 縮短）也與高血鈣相關。
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability and produces characteristic signs: Trousseau's sign (carpopedal spasm after blood pressure cuff inflation), Chvostek's sign (facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped), and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes. Option D (muscle weakness) is more often a feature of hypercalcemia, and option E (shortened QT interval) is also associated with hypercalcemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地皆重視神經肌肉評估，但美國護理評估更強調 Chvostek 徵象的臨床意義。