— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位血鉀濃度為 6.2 mEq/L 的病人。護理師應預期心電圖會出現什麼變化？
A nurse is caring for a client with a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which ECG finding should the nurse anticipate?
- AProminent U waves明顯的 U 波
- BFlattened T wavesT 波平坦
- CProlonged ST segmentST 段延長
- DTall, peaked T waves✓ 正解高聳尖銳的 T 波
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀症（Hyperkalemia）對心臟電生理影響劇烈，初期典型的特徵是 T 波高聳且尖銳。當血鉀持續上升，可能會出現 PR 間期延長、QRS 波群變寬，甚至導致心室纖維顫動。B 與 A 為低血鉀的典型表現，C 則常與低血鈣或缺血相關。
Hyperkalemia has dramatic effects on cardiac electrophysiology. The typical early feature is tall, peaked T waves. As the serum potassium continues to rise, the PR interval may prolong, the QRS complex may widen, and ventricular fibrillation may even occur. Options B and A are characteristic findings of hypokalemia, while C is more commonly associated with hypocalcemia or ischemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常執行床邊 ECG 判讀與緊急處理；台灣護理師執行 ECG 監測，但診斷與處置決策多由醫師主導。