護理師照護一位六個月前喪偶的高齡病人。病人哪句話暗示其有複雜性哀慟？
The nurse is caring for an older adult client who lost their spouse six months ago. Which statement by the client suggests complicated grief?
- AI feel like my life has no meaning anymore and I cannot function.✓ 正解我覺得我的生活已經沒有意義了，我也無法正常運作。
- BI still feel sad when I look at our wedding photos.我看我們的結婚照時仍然會感到悲傷。
- CI have started attending a local grief support group.我開始參加當地的哀慟支持團體。
- DI think about my spouse every single day.我每天都會想到我的配偶。
哀慟（grief）是面對失落的正常情緒反應，通常會隨著時間逐漸緩解，並最終能恢復正常生活功能。然而，複雜性哀慟（complicated grief），或稱延長性哀慟障礙（Prolonged Grief Disorder），則是指哀慟反應持續時間過長，且強度過高，嚴重影響個體的日常功能和生活品質。護理師在照護喪偶病人時，應仔細評估其哀慟反應，辨識複雜性哀慟的跡象，以便及早轉介至專業心理健康服務。這對於高齡病人尤為重要，因為他們可能面臨多重失落和社會支持減少的風險。
Grief is a normal emotional response to loss, and it typically eases gradually over time, allowing the person to eventually regain normal functioning. Complicated grief, also known as prolonged grief disorder, refers to a grief response that lasts excessively long and is so intense that it seriously impairs the individual's daily functioning and quality of life. When caring for a bereaved client, the nurse should carefully evaluate the grief response and recognize signs of complicated grief in order to facilitate early referral to professional mental health services. This is particularly important in older adults, who may face multiple losses and reduced social support.
哀慟反應及其病理化（如複雜性哀慟或延長性哀慟障礙）的診斷標準和臨床概念在美國和台灣是高度一致的。兩地皆依循國際精神疾病診斷標準（如DSM-5-TR和ICD-11）來評估和診斷。因此，護理師在評估高齡喪偶病人時，所應關注的複雜性哀慟跡象並無顯著差異。