— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估一位創傷後壓力症候群 (PTSD) 的個案，預期會觀察到哪些表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlashbacks of the traumatic event✓ 正解創傷事件的閃回
- BAvoidance of reminders of the trauma✓ 正解避開創傷的提醒物
- CHypervigilance and exaggerated startle response✓ 正解過度警覺與驚嚇反應加劇
- DInability to recall any childhood memories無法回憶任何童年記憶
- EPersistent negative alterations in mood and cognition✓ 正解持續的情緒與認知負向改變
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
PTSD 的診斷標準包含四個主要群組：侵入性重現（閃回）、逃避行為（刻意避開相關場景）、警覺性過高（驚嚇反應強烈）以及認知與情緒的負向改變（如麻木、負面自我觀感）。無法回憶童年記憶與 PTSD 無直接關聯，通常與解離性失憶症有關。
Clients with PTSD typically exhibit intrusive re-experiencing symptoms such as flashbacks, avoidance of trauma reminders, hypervigilance with an exaggerated startle response, and persistent negative alterations in mood and cognition. Inability to recall childhood memories is not a characteristic manifestation of PTSD and is more commonly associated with dissociative disorders.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美在 PTSD 診斷依據皆參照 DSM-5，但在社區心理衛生服務的介入資源上，美國體系較為多元。