護理師評估一名疑似受虐兒。哪項發現應立即向主管機關舉報？
A nurse is assessing a client for potential child abuse. Which finding should the nurse report to authorities immediately?
- ABruises on the child's shins兒童脛骨有瘀青
- BA parent who is overly protective父母過度保護
- CCigarette burns on the child's back✓ 正解兒童背部有菸蒂燙傷
- DThe child crying during the assessment評估期間兒童哭泣
護理師若「懷疑」虐待即有通報義務。菸疤（Cigarette burns）是受虐的高度特徵性傷痕，尤其是位於軀幹或背部等非易受傷部位。脛骨瘀青（A）在學齡前兒童玩耍中很常見；過度保護（B）或哭泣（D）非受虐的直接證據。護理師不需要「證實」虐待，只要懷疑就必須通報。
The nurse is required to report suspected abuse. Cigarette burns are a highly characteristic injury of abuse, especially when located on the trunk or back -- areas that are not typically injured by accident. Bruising on the shins (A) is very common in preschool-aged children during play; overprotectiveness (B) or crying (D) is not direct evidence of abuse. The nurse does not need to confirm that abuse has occurred -- mere suspicion mandates reporting.
美國各州法律對 Mandatory Reporting 規定極嚴，遲報可能有刑責；台灣依《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》需在 24 小時內通報。