一位強迫症(OCD)病人每天早上花 2 小時洗手。最合適的初步護理干預為何?
A client with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) spends 2 hours washing their hands every morning. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
- AProvide the client with detailed information about germ theory.向病人提供關於細菌理論的詳細資訊
- BLock the bathroom door to prevent the ritual.鎖上浴室門以防止儀式行為
- CAllow the client enough time to perform the ritual initially.✓ 正解初期允許病人有足夠時間執行儀式行為
- DTell the client that their handwashing is unnecessary.告訴病人其洗手行為是不必要的
強迫症 (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD) 病人常會透過執行重複性的儀式行為(rituals)來減輕其內在的焦慮。這些儀式行為雖然耗時且影響功能,但對病人而言,是應對強迫性思維(obsessions)所帶來痛苦的唯一方式。在治療初期,如果護理師立即阻止病人執行儀式行為,反而會急劇增加病人的焦慮和痛苦,可能導致病人反抗或情緒失控。因此,最合適的初步干預應是允許病人有足夠時間執行儀式,同時逐步建立信任關係,為後續的行為治療(如暴露與反應預防 Exposure and Response Prevention, ERP)奠定基礎。
In the initial phase of treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, allowing the client sufficient time to perform rituals helps manage acute anxiety. Abruptly preventing these behaviors can cause extreme distress, while providing factual information or dismissing the behavior does not address the underlying psychological mechanism.
強迫症 (OCD) 的護理干預原則在美國和台灣的精神科護理中是高度一致的。兩地都強調在治療初期應避免直接阻止病人的儀式行為,而是應先建立信任關係,並逐步引入行為療法(如暴露與反應預防)。這種以病人為中心的漸進式方法是國際公認的有效策略,因此在臨床實務上並無顯著差異。