護理師正在協助一位病人住進加護病房。下列哪項措施最能體現「行善原則（Beneficence）」？
A nurse is admitting a client to the intensive care unit. Which of the following actions indicates the nurse is following ethical principles of 'beneficence'?
- AImplementing evidence-based interventions to prevent pressure injuries.✓ 正解實施基於實證的介入措施以預防壓瘡。
- BRespecting the client's refusal of blood products.尊重案主拒絕血液製劑的意願。
- CEnsuring the client understands the risks of invasive procedures.確保案主了解侵入性程序的風險。
- DMaintaining the client's privacy by closing the room curtains.透過拉上房間窗簾來維護案主的隱私。
護理倫理原則中，行善原則（Beneficence）是指護理師有義務採取主動行為以促進病人的福祉，而不僅僅是避免傷害（不傷害原則 Non-maleficence）。預防壓瘡是一種基於實證（Evidence-based）的護理措施，透過主動評估風險、翻身與減壓，直接提升病人的舒適度並維護其皮膚完整性，是體現積極照護責任的典範。其餘選項分別對應自主權（Autonomy）或隱私權（Confidentiality），雖同為倫理核心，但性質不同。
Among the ethical principles of nursing, beneficence refers to the nurse's obligation to take active steps to promote the client's well-being, not merely to avoid harm (which is the principle of non-maleficence). Pressure injury prevention is an evidence-based nursing practice that, through active risk assessment, repositioning, and pressure relief, directly improves the client's comfort and protects skin integrity, exemplifying active care responsibility. The other options correspond to autonomy or confidentiality; although they are core ethical principles, they are different in nature.
台美臨床對於倫理原則的定義一致，但在美國醫療體系中，行善原則常被與「品質照護（Quality of Care）」直接連結，護理師若未執行預防壓瘡等標準程序，除違反倫理外，常被視為未達執業標準（Standard of Care），可能涉及醫療疏失（Malpractice）。