— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師在自然災害後於急診室進行傷患分類，應優先處理哪位病人？
A nurse is caring for a client who is in the emergency room following a natural disaster. The nurse must triage several clients. Which client should be seen first?
- AClient with a compound fracture of the femur股骨開放性骨折的病人
- BClient with a sprained ankle腳踝扭傷的病人
- CClient with a minor laceration to the forearm前臂輕微割傷的病人
- DClient with a sucking chest wound✓ 正解吸吮性胸部傷口（開放性氣胸）的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
在災難救護（Triage）中，必須依據急迫性與生存機會進行分類。吸吮性胸部傷口（Sucking chest wound，選項 D）暗示開放性氣胸，會導致迅速呼吸衰竭，屬於「紅色」分類（立即處理）。骨折（A）雖嚴重但非立即致命，瘀青挫傷（C、B）屬於綠色（延遲處理）。
In disaster triage, clients must be sorted by urgency and probability of survival. A sucking chest wound (option D) suggests an open pneumothorax that can rapidly cause respiratory failure and is classified as 'red' (immediate treatment). A fracture (A), although serious, is not immediately life-threatening; minor contusions (C, B) are classified as 'green' (delayed treatment).
✦ 台美臨床差異
災難護理原則國際通用的 START 分類法；台灣在重大災害（如地震）時亦參照此原則進行傷患分級。