— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導實習生關於 HIPAA 規範，下列哪些行為屬於違反個資保護？（多選）
A nurse is teaching a student nurse about the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Which actions are considered violations of HIPAA? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiscussing a patient's condition with their spouse in the hallway✓ 正解在走廊上與配偶討論病人狀況
- BPosting a picture of a patient's unusual wound on social media✓ 正解在社群媒體上發布病人異常傷口照片
- CLeaving a computer screen with patient info open at the nurse's station✓ 正解在護理站留下開啟病人資訊的電腦螢幕
- DVerifying a patient's date of birth before administering medication給藥前核對病人出生日期
- ESharing patient charts with a nurse who is not involved in their care✓ 正解與未參與該病人照護的護理師分享病人病歷
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
HIPAA 核心在於保護病人隱私（PHI）。走廊討論易洩漏訊息；社群媒體嚴禁發佈病患資訊；電腦未鎖定會造成資料外洩；與未參與照顧的同仁共享資料亦屬違規。核對身份（D）是標準護理程序，屬醫療照護所需，非違規行為。
The core of HIPAA is the protection of patient privacy (PHI). Hallway discussions can easily disclose information; posting on social media is strictly prohibited; leaving a computer unlocked can lead to data leaks; and sharing data with colleagues not involved in care is also a violation. Verifying identity (Option D) is a standard nursing procedure required for safe care and is not a violation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 HIPAA 法規極嚴格且有高額罰款；台灣有《個人資料保護法》與《醫療法》，執行層面逐漸與國際接軌。