一位思覺失調症的病人正在經歷聽幻覺。護理師應採取哪些措施?(選所有適合的)
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AAvoid touching the client without permission✓ 正解未經許可避免觸碰病人
- BAcknowledge the client's experience of the voices✓ 正解肯定病人對聲音的經歷
- CAvoid arguing about the reality of the voices✓ 正解避免就聲音的真實性進行爭辯
- DMonitor for signs of increased anxiety✓ 正解監測焦慮增加的跡象
- EProvide high-stimulation activities to distract the client提供高刺激活動以分散病人注意力
思覺失調症(Schizophrenia)病人出現聽幻覺(auditory hallucinations)時,護理目標是幫助病人管理症狀,降低其對生活的影響,並確保安全。首先,避免在未經允許下觸碰病人(Avoid touching without permission)很重要,因為幻聽可能讓病人處於高度警覺狀態,突然的身體接觸可能引發其恐慌或防禦反應。其次,肯定病人的經歷(Acknowledge the client's experience)但避免爭論其內容的真實性(Avoid arguing about the reality)。例如,可以說「我聽到你說你聽到聲音了」,而不是「沒有聲音」。這樣能建立信任,讓病人感到被理解,但又不強化幻覺內容。同時,密切監測病人的焦慮程度(Monitor for signs of increased anxiety)非常重要,因為焦慮加劇可能意味著幻覺內容變得更具威脅性,增加自傷或傷人的風險。提供高刺激性活動(high-stimulation activities)會加劇病人的混亂和焦慮,應避免;相反,應提供低刺激、平靜的環境。
When a client with schizophrenia experiences auditory hallucinations, the nurse should avoid touching the client without permission to prevent triggering fear or defensive reactions. It is important to acknowledge the client's experience to build trust but avoid arguing about the reality of the voices, as this does not help and may reinforce the delusion. Monitoring for increased anxiety is crucial because heightened anxiety can precede aggressive behavior, while high-stimulation activities should be avoided as they worsen confusion.
在處理思覺失調症病人的幻覺時,美國與台灣的護理介入原則是相似的,都強調安全、建立信任、以及避免與病人爭論幻覺內容。美國在心理健康照護方面,可能更強調「創傷知情照護」(Trauma-Informed Care)的原則,將病人的經歷視為其過去創傷經驗的反映,從而更溫和、更有同理心地進行互動。台灣的護理師也同樣注重同理心,但在實際執行上,可能受到文化背景和病人家庭互動模式的影響。此外,美國的藥物治療選擇可能更為多樣化,且護理師在協助病人用藥和監測藥效方面,可能扮演更積極的角色。